JK Rowling hate law posts not criminal, police say

Social media comments made by JK Rowling challenging Scotland's new hate crime law are not being treated as criminal, Police Scotland has said.

The Harry Potter author described several transgender women as men, including convicted prisoners, trans activists and other public figures.

The new law creates a new crime of "stirring up hatred" relating to protected characteristics.

The force said complaints had been received but no action would be taken.

Reacting to the news, Ms Rowling posted on X: "I hope every woman in Scotland who wishes to speak up for the reality and importance of biological sex will be reassured by this announcement, and I trust that all women - irrespective of profile or financial means - will be treated equally under the law.

"If they go after any woman for simply calling a man a man, I'll repeat that woman's words and they can charge us both at once."

The Hate Crime and Public Order (Scotland) Act 2021 makes it an offence to behave in a threatening or abusive manner with the intention of "stirring up hatred" based on disability, religion, sexual orientation, transgender identity or being intersex.

Stirring up hatred based on race, colour, nationality or ethnicity was already illegal in Great Britain under the Public Order Act 1986 but is now included in the new law.

Since the law came into effect on Monday Police Scotland has received more than 3,000 complaints.

Katie Neeves, a trans woman who was appointed a UN Women UK delegate, was mentioned by Ms Rowling in a previous thread on X.

The author claimed Ms Neeves "switched from straight man to lesbian at the age of 48".

Ms Neeves told BBC News she was "very disappointed" with Police Scotland.

She said: "JK Rowling is a bully and this act was designed to stop bullying, and if they're not going to enforce it then that's very disappointing."

"She listed me and some other trans people along with some sex offenders and put it out to 14 million of her followers.

"That was inciting hatred and it resulted in me receiving thousands of messages of hate. So it's done what she set out for it to do."

Ms Neeves said the story had been published all over the world and was "all misinformation about me".

She added: "It's horrible and it's really harmful."

Ms Neeves also confirmed she would be making a complaint to the police but had not done so yet.

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak earlier backed Ms Rowling's stance stating the UK had a proud tradition of free speech.

Mr Sunak would not be drawn on whether he supported her approach, saying that it was "not right for me to comment on police matters, individual matters".

But he added: "We should not be criminalising people saying common sense things about biological sex, clearly that isn't right.

"We have a proud tradition of free speech."

Scotland's First Minister Humza Yousaf said racist graffiti, which appeared near his home, is a reminder of why Scotland must take a "zero-tolerance" approach to hate crime.

He said the law was designed to deal with what he called a "rising tide of hatred" in society.

A spokesperson for the first minister said: "The prime minister's comments ignore the fact that the right to freedom of expression is built into the Act and that it also has a high threshold for criminality.

"The legislation does not prevent people expressing controversial, challenging or offensive views, nor does it seek to stifle criticism or rigorous debate in any way."

Police Scotland said a large proportion of the complaints it had received concerned a speech made by Mr Yousaf in 2020 when, as justice secretary, he highlighted the number of white people holding prominent positions in Scotland.

The force said complaints about the speech were assessed at the time and it was established that no crime had been committed.

The law states that it is a defence for a person charged with stirring up hatred to show that their actions were "reasonable."

It also references the right to freedom of expression in the European Convention on Human Rights, which includes protection for "ideas that offend, shock or disturb."

At the heart of criticism of the hate crime law is the fact that it does not include biological sex as a protected characteristic.

The Scottish government points out that it is planning a separate law to tackle hatred and harassment of women which it says will be introduced at Holyrood by the end of the parliamentary term in 2026.

Supporters of Ms Rowling welcomed Police Scotland's decision.

Susan Smith of For Women Scotland, which campaigned against recent proposed changes to gender law, told the BBC's Newscast podcast that it was "a great relief but it's only happened because she pushed it".

"Now hopefully anybody else who says something similar will know that they are protected," added Ms Smith.

Earlier, Dr Nick McKerrell, a senior law lecturer at Glasgow Caledonian University, told BBC Radio Scotland's Drivetime he thought it was unlikely that Ms Rowling would be prosecuted.

He told the programme: "On balance I think she probably won't be prosecuted because the test in the legislation states that you have to be threatening and abusive to someone with your language which essentially means that you have to cause them fear and alarm.

"I think it's close to the edge but I don't think, as it stands, those communications do that.

"Also, within the law, there is a protection for being offensive or shocking in your language and I think it could fall into that category of being offensive and shocking, but not in the realm of criminality."

The lecturer added: "There is a test for stirring up hatred, which the courts have recognised. It's quite a high level to stir up hatred.

"So any group that thinks this law is going to lower that is wrong."

Correction: This article was amended after publication to clarify the wording of the new legislation and provide a link to the published act.