Fifth ex-PM speaks out against post-Brexit bill

David Cameron has become the fifth former prime minister to criticise a new bill attempting to override the Brexit withdrawal agreement.

No 10 says the Internal Market Bill was a "critical piece of legislation for the UK".

But Mr Cameron said he had "misgivings" over it and breaking an international treaty should be the "final resort".

Former Tory PMs Theresa May and Sir John Major, and Labour's Tony Blair and Gordon Brown have condemned the plan.

However, Boris Johnson's official spokesman said the bill delivered a "vital legal safety net" so the government can "take the necessary steps to ensure the integrity of UK's internal market" - steps it hoped never to have to use.

MPs have begun debating the bill at its second reading, with the PM making the opening remarks, and it is expected to pass this early stage after a vote at around 22:00.

But the legislation is likely to face more difficulties in its later stages, especially when the bill heads for debate in the Lords.

Former Attorney General Geoffrey Cox accused Mr Johnson of doing "unconscionable" damage to Britain's international reputation and said he would "withhold" his support for the bill in its current form.

The PM's special envoy for Freedom of Religion or Belief, Tory MP Rehman Chishti, has resigned over the proposed law, saying: "I have always acted in a manner which respects the rule of law... [and] voting for this bill as it currently stands would be contrary to the values I hold dearest."

A senior government source told the BBC "all options are on the table" in terms of possible action against Tory MPs who do not support the bill.

Labour's shadow business secretary, Ed Miliband, also called the proposed law "legislative hooliganism".

Mr Miliband will stand in for Sir Keir Starmer at the opposition dispatch box after the Labour leader was forced to self-isolate at home when a member of his household developed possible coronavirus symptoms.

The UK left the EU on 31 January, having negotiated and signed the withdrawal agreement with the bloc.

The two sides are now in the closing weeks of negotiations for a post-Brexit trade deal before the transition period ends on 31 December - with informal talks taking place in Brussels this week.

A key part of the withdrawal agreement - which is now an international treaty - was the Northern Ireland Protocol, designed to prevent a hard border returning to the island of Ireland.

The Internal Market Bill proposed by the government would override that part of that agreement when it came to goods and would allow the UK to modify or re-interpret "state aid" rules on subsidies for firms in Northern Ireland, in the event of the two sides not agreeing a future trade deal.

Last week, Northern Ireland Secretary Brandon Lewis said the bill would "break international law" in a "specific and limited way", leading to swathes of criticism from all sides of the political spectrum.

Here we go again... a Brexit deadline looms, there's a whole lot of noise about it in Westminster, and the UK and the EU can't agree.

And yes, yet again, there is a swirling soup of jargon every other sentence.

Take a few steps back though, and here is what this all amounts to - how the UK will trade with its nearest neighbours from January next year onwards and how the different parts of the UK will trade with each other.

This matters economically - and matters politically too.

The Brexit process has long exposed the tensions between the UK and Brussels, but don't underestimate the tensions it places on the UK as well.

Those in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales who have long argued to be unshackled from London, as they see it, argue Brexit is the ultimate case study to illustrate their argument.

And so the government at Westminster's delicate task is to extricate the UK from one union, the EU, while holding together another one, the UK.

All of these rows have that central aim at their core.

Mr Cameron - who called the EU referendum when he was PM - said he had "misgivings about what is being proposed".

Speaking to reporters, he said: "Passing an act of Parliament and then going on to break an international treaty obligation is the very, very last thing you should contemplate. It should be the absolute final resort."

Mr Cameron said the "bigger picture" was about trying to get a trade deal with the EU, urging the government to "keep that context [and] that big prize in mind."

The comments follow stronger criticism by the four other surviving former prime ministers of the UK.

Mrs May, who still sits as an MP in the Commons, said breaking international law would damage "trust" in the UK, while Mr Brown said it would be akin to "self-harm" for the country.

Sir John and Mr Blair - who were both in office during key periods of the Northern Ireland peace process - wrote a joint article in the Sunday Times accusing Mr Johnson of "embarrassing" the UK and urging MPs to reject the "shameful" attempt to override parts of the withdrawal agreement.

Earlier, Policing Minister Kit Malthouse called the bill a "practical" step, saying it "solves the problem that we're faced with" over the future of trade with the EU.

He told BBC Breakfast: "What we've done is to say transparently that this is a situation which we think may occur - certainly that's what's being intimated from the EU. It's a problem we have to solve so here's a bill that solves it.

"In the end those people that oppose this bill have to tell us what the resolution is."

On Sunday, Justice Secretary Robert Buckland told the BBC the bill was an "insurance policy" in case the UK and EU do not agree a post-Brexit trade deal.

He said he hoped powers being sought by ministers would never be needed, and that he would resign if the UK ended up breaking international law "in a way I find unacceptable".

But Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer accused government ministers of handing out "misinformation" over the weekend and "spinning" the reasons they were pursuing the new bill.

He told LBC: "[Mr Johnson] is making a mistake reneging on a treaty - that will have reputational damage for the UK.

"I would say to the prime minister, look go away, go back to the drawing board, drop these problems, don't act in this reckless and wrong way and we'll look again at the legislation."

The bill has split opinion on the Tory backbenches.

MP Sir Desmond Swayne said he would be supporting the bill, praising the government for preparing in case no trade deal is agreed by the end of the year.

He told BBC News: "If the government didn't take precautions against that possibility, it would be utterly negligent. It is right it arm itself with the powers just in case."

But his colleague, and chair of the Justice Select Committee, Sir Bob Neill, said the government and its supporters needed to "calm the language".

He said there was already a mechanism for addressing the government's concerns, but he was willing to "meet them half-way" with an amendment to the bill - only allowing the elements that would break international law to be used if Parliament signs it off.