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Lack of exercise puts one in four people at risk, WHO says

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The transition towards more sedentary jobs in wealthier countries is likely to be making people less active, experts say

Very little progress has been made in reducing levels of inactivity worldwide, experts have warned.

A WHO report estimates that more than a quarter of people worldwide - 1.4 billion - are not doing enough physical exercise, a figure that has barely improved since 2001.

Inactivity raises the risk of a raft of health problems, such as heart disease, type-2 diabetes and some cancers.

High-income countries, including the UK, were among the least active.

And women were found to be more sedentary throughout the world, with the exception of two regions of Asia.

'Major concern'

Researchers from the World Health Organization (WHO) looked at self-reported data on activity from 358 population-based surveys in 168 countries, including 1.9 million people, for their study in The Lancet Global Health.

They found in high-income countries, which include the UK and the USA, the proportion of inactive people had risen from 32% in 2001 to 37% in 2016, while in low-income countries it had remained stable at 16%.

Those who were classed as inactive did less than 150 minutes of moderate exercise - or 75 minutes at a vigorous intensity - a week.

Countries driving the upwards trend included Germany, New Zealand and the US.

Graphic: Physical activity guidelines. Children 5-18 should have 60 mins of physical activity every day, Adults 19-64 should have 150 mins of moderate aerobic exercise per week, Adults 65+ should have 150 mins of moderate aerobic exercise and strength exercises two days a week
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Women were less active than men in all but East and South-East Asia, with the biggest differences being in South Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, north Africa and high-income Western countries.

The authors said this was likely to have been caused by a combination of factors, including extra childcare duties and cultural attitudes that made it harder for them to exercise.

Map: global inactivity rates
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In the UK, inactivity levels in 2016 were 36% overall - 32% of men and 40% of women.

Experts said the transition in wealthier countries towards more sedentary jobs and hobbies, along with increased use of motor transport, might explain their higher levels of inactivity.

In lower-income countries people are more likely to be active in their jobs and walk or use public transport.

Getty Images People exercisingGetty Images

The report's authors warned that as things stood the WHO's 2025 target of reducing global inactivity by 10% would be missed.

Dr Regina Guthold, lead author of the study from the WHO, said: "Unlike other major global health risks, levels of insufficient physical activity are not falling worldwide, on average, and over a quarter of all adults are not reaching the recommended levels of physical activity for good health.

"Regions with increasing levels of insufficient physical activity are a major concern for public health and the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases."

Co-author Dr Fiona Bull, also from the WHO, said: "Addressing these inequalities in physical activity levels between men and women will be critical to achieving global activity targets and will require interventions to promote and improve women's access to opportunities that are safe, affordable and culturally acceptable."

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Exercise guidelines for 19- to 64-year-olds

How much?

  • at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity every week
  • strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all the major muscles
  • break up long periods of sitting with light activity

What is moderate aerobic activity?

  • Walking fast, water aerobics, riding a bike on level ground or with a few hills, doubles tennis, pushing a lawn mower, hiking, skateboarding, rollerblading, volleyball, basketball

What counts as vigorous activity?

  • Jogging or running, swimming fast, riding a bike fast or on hills, singles tennis, football, rugby, skipping rope, hockey, aerobics, gymnastics, martial arts

What activities strengthen muscles?

  • lifting weights, working with resistance bands, doing exercises that use your own body weight, such as push-ups and sit-ups, heavy gardening, such as digging and shovelling, yoga

What activities are both aerobic and muscle-strengthening?

  • circuit training, aerobics, running, football, rugby, netball, hockey

Source: NHS

For more information, including guidelines for children and adults who are 65 or over, click here.

Age just a number for 100-year-old gym bunny
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The countries with the highest rates of inactivity were:

  • Kuwait 67%
  • Saudi Arabia 53%
  • Iraq 52%

The countries with the least inactivity were:

  • Uganda and Mozambique 6%

Experts called on governments to provide and maintain infrastructure that promoted sports and increased walking and cycling for transport.

Dr Melody Ding, from the University of Sydney, who was not involved in the study, said that while economic development led to lifestyle changes that increased sedentary behaviour, governments could do more to help people be more active, such as improving public transport and making it easier to walk and cycle.

Dr Mike Brannan, national lead for physical activity at Public Health England, said: "These figures highlight the global issue of inactivity and the UK is no exception.

"We need action to reverse decades of decline in the nations level of physical activity.

"With our partners, we're working to get the nation moving more through supporting social and physical environments that foster healthier, active lifestyles and through our physical activity work."

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