Cold open water plunge may provide instant pain relief
Science Photo LibraryA man who suffered constant pain after surgery cured it by taking a plunge in cold open water.
The man's case has been reviewed by doctors who suggest a short, sharp cold water swim may offer an alternative to strong painkillers and physiotherapy.
The 28-year-old man who suffered from post-operative pain found it disappeared totally after doing an open water swim.
However cold water swimming does not suit everyone and entails risks.
The man had been a keen triathlete prior to his operation and had found conventional treatments had made little difference to his severe pain.
His story is detailed in the journal BMJ Case Reports.
Report author Dr Tom Mole, from the University of Cambridge, said he hopes that it "gives new hope to people recovering from pain after surgery".
The man, who suffered from excessive facial flushing, underwent an operation (endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy) that cut the triggering nerves inside his chest.
The surgery went well but afterwards he suffered from severe, persistent pain which caused him a "great deal of distress".
He found conventional treatments had made little difference to his severe pain. He said exercise and movement in his physiotherapy sessions made the pain worse, which prevented him from completing his rehabilitation.
Cold water swimming - dangers and guidance
Science Photo Library- Outdoor swimming in cold water saps your body heat, so your arms and legs get weaker. If this happens, you could get into trouble if you're unable to get out of the water.
- Wear a wetsuit for anything more than a quick dip
- Don't jump into cold water - wade in slowly instead
- Swim close to the shore
- Take warm clothes to put on afterwards - even in summer you'll feel colder when you get out
- Take extra care in reservoirs, which are deeper and colder than lakes and rivers
- Shivering and teeth chattering are the first symptoms of hypothermia. If that happens, get out of the water and warm up
Source: NHS Choices
A keen triathlete before his operation, he decided to do an open water swim to take his mind off the pain.
The man, who has not been named, said it was a "long shot" as to whether it would help his pain but he was "desperate to get some relief".
The swim entailed plunging into the water from a rocky outcrop and swimming for around a minute before he could reach somewhere to safely climb back ashore.
"I initially thought 'damn this is so cold I'm going to die!' and I just swam for my life," he told the report's authors.
"Once I was in the water, I had tunnel vision - for the first time in months, I completely forgot about the pain or the fear of shooting pains in my chest if I moved.
"My entire body tingled with the cold. I just knew if I didn't keep swimming, I'd soon freeze. After a few moments I actually enjoyed it - it was just an immersive rush of adrenaline.
"When I came out of the water, I realised the neuropathic pain had gone away. I couldn't believe it."
Fear of drowning
The authors believe it is the first case of its kind documented, although cold water baths have been used in sports medicine to ease injuries.
Although it is unclear why it apparently cured his pain, they say there are some possible explanations:
- The shock of the sudden cold water immersion and the fear of drowning might have induced a wave of nervous system activity and a potential altered level of consciousness that could lead to altered pain perception
- The enforced cold swimming may bring a number of high intensity distraction stimuli that could outcompete nerve endings and prevent perception of pain
- The man's reduced mobility might have helped maintain the pain, so the pain relief he felt in the water would have enabled him to move freely therefore breaking the cycle
The authors caution it is only one patient and say more research is needed "to assess the replicability and feasibility of forced cold water swimming as a potentially effective, natural intervention to enhance recovery outcomes from common post-operative complications".
The authors warn that cold water swimming is not for everyone - and there is a significant risk of hypothermia.
There is also a risk from the body's acute cold shock response, which may affect the arm muscles while swimming and can lead to incapacitation and potential drowning within minutes if unsupervised.