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Dig reveals luxury Roman villa with bath house

Teffont Archaeology A woman on hands and knees with specialist equipment cleaning a dirty mosaic.Teffont Archaeology
Teffont Archaeology Two archaeologists on the ground in a dig with the foundations of old walls around them. The walls look like pieces of old plaster with bits of colour on.Teffont Archaeology
The owners of the villa had put some money into it, with mosaics revealed in the dig
Painted wall plaster was also found, further showing the luxury element of the build

A Roman villa indicating a "luxury lifestyle" has been discovered by archaeologists and 60 volunteers after metal detectorists reported a number of finds in the area.

It is the first time the site has been excavated and it is the only Roman villa known of in Wiltshire's Chalke Valley.

At 35m long, the villa had columns, mosaics, a bath house and possible outdoor pool, with finds now undergoing analysis before moving to Salisbury Museum.

Dr Denise Wilding, of Teffont Archaeology which ran the dig, said: "They've put some time and money into making it quite a nice place to be."

Teffont Archaeology Drone shot of a partially uncovered Roman mosaic floor, mostly monochrome in colour with motifs in square shapes.Teffont Archaeology
Dr Wilding said the villa had been "really well done-out", shown by additions such as the mosaics

'Luxury lifestyle'

Dr David Roberts, from Cardiff University and part of Teffont Archaeology, was the dig's co-director.

"The site was likely the centre of a significant estate in the later Roman period, and its owners must have extracted a great deal of labour and surplus from the local farming communities to fund their luxury lifestyle," he said.

The dig found a barn, the main villa building with a separate bath house and an area that may have been an outdoor pool.

Dr Wilding said the villa and bath house were "really well done-out" with finds including wall plaster, mosaics and the base of a column.

"The owners are clearly trying to tie themselves into quite a Roman way of living."

She said the find shows there were "local elites" in the area who had taken on Roman culture.

Teffont Archaeology Four people standing in a large archaeology trench wearing large overcoats, one with a pick-axe and a wheelbarrow to the side. Two large piles of soil behind them.Teffont Archaeology
The volunteers did a "fantastic job", said Dr Wilding

By examining some of the less glamourous finds - like seeds and animal bones - they will be able to find out about everyday life, like the crops that were being grown and the animals farmed.

Teffont Archaeology A volunteers records something on a clipboard while in a trench, which is quite deep and shows some stacks of tiles evenly spaced out, which would have been the hypocaust heating system.Teffont Archaeology
Like many Roman buildings with bath houses, it featured an underground heating system called a hypocaust

Dr Wilding explained that detectorists had been reporting finds to Salisbury Museum for a while via the Portable Antiquities Scheme, which records items discovered by the public.

After further investigations showed buildings at the site, the Cranborne Chase National Landscape's Chase & Chalke Landscape Partnership Scheme funded the dig and called for volunteers.

"Our volunteers do a fantastic job of everything we ask them to," added Dr Wilding.

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